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legal frameworks for...

jurisdictions

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     Wildlife Trade, a part of transnational organized crime, is a multibillion-dollar industry that must be combated with comprehensive and enforceable laws. Following the trade chain and flow of finances, the topic is ultimately regulated by a wide variety of legal instruments from constitutions to anti-money laundering laws, to protected areas, hunting, endangered species, and trade specific legislation.
​      Legal Atlas researches and strives to provide access to this entire set, identifying key content and showing how laws relate to the entire trade chain. Full or partial sets have been completed for 60+ countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. 

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Wildlife Trade Database

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Sponsors and Collaborators

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Types of laws included *

Wildlife Managment

The primary law and regulations directed principally at wildlife conservation and management. Depending on the jurisdiction, these laws may or may not have provisions specific to wildlife trade.

Wildlife Trade

Some jurisdictions have issued legislation dedicated specifically to the issue of wildlife trade, often as part of their implementation of CITES requirements.

Hunting

The laws and jurisdictions directed at defining species that may be hunted, as well as the areas, times, seasons, methods and other restrictions that apply.

Customs

The primary law and regulations directed customs and international trade requirements and procedures. Trade in wildlife is sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly regulated by such legislation. 

Anti-Money Landering

Anti-money laundering laws may apply to wildlife trade crimes depending on the approach taken (all crimes, predicate offense, or threshold). To the extent they apply, they are of particular interest because of the heightened penalties, as well as their ability to hold other actors liable.

Organized Crime

Organized crime laws are less frequently dedicate pieces of legislation but will apply to wildlife crimes through mechanisms similar to anti-money laundering laws (express predicate offense), or to any crime committed in the context of an organized crime group. They also tend to apply heightened penalties and may allow others involved in the operation to be held liable.

* Wildlife trade laws comprise as many as 45 types of law depending on the jurisdiction, not all of which are listed here. This topic, as all others, is dynamic. The types of laws identified here are subject to change as research informs content development. 

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